{"id":1171826,"date":"2019-01-22T12:19:32","date_gmt":"2019-01-22T17:19:32","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2022-03-14T12:22:51","modified_gmt":"2022-03-14T16:22:51","slug":"que-veut-dire-etre-coupable-dune-infraction-criminelle","status":"publish","type":"questions","link":"https:\/\/stepstojustice.ca\/fr\/questions\/criminal-law\/que-veut-dire-etre-coupable-dune-infraction-criminelle\/","title":{"rendered":"Que veut dire \u00ab \u00eatre coupable d&#8217;une infraction criminelle \u00bb?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Au Canada, vous \u00eates coupable d\u2019un <span class=\"no-glossary\">crime<\/span> si un juge ou un jury conclut que vous :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>avez fait quelque chose d\u2019ill\u00e9gal, et<\/li>\n<li>aviez une intention coupable quand vous avez fait cela.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Faire quelque chose d\u2019ill\u00e9gal, c\u2019est accomplir une <strong>action coupable.<\/strong> En termes juridiques, on parle d\u2019<em>actus reus. <\/em>Il s\u2019agit de l\u2019action que vous avez pos\u00e9e quand vous avez commis votre crime. Toutefois, une deuxi\u00e8me condition doit \u00eatre remplie pour que vous soyez d\u00e9clar\u00e9 coupable d\u2019une infraction criminelle.<\/p>\n<p>Il faut aussi que vous ayez eu une <strong>intention coupable<\/strong> lorsque vous avez enfreint la loi. Les juristes parlent de <em>mens rea<\/em>\u00a0: ce \u00e0 quoi vous pensiez quand vous avez commis votre crime. Habituellement, l\u2019intention coupable signifie que vous saviez que votre action \u00e9tait mauvaise.<\/p>\n<h3>Hors de tout doute raisonnable<\/h3>\n<p>Pour que vous soyez d\u00e9clar\u00e9 coupable d\u2019un crime, la Couronne doit prouver l\u2019action coupable et l\u2019intention coupable hors de tout doute raisonnable.<\/p>\n<p>Par exemple, pour que vous soyez reconnu coupable de voies de fait, deux faits doivent \u00eatre \u00e9tablis\u00a0:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Vous avez touch\u00e9 quelqu\u2019un sans sa permission; c\u2019est l\u2019action.<\/li>\n<li>Vous avez touch\u00e9 cette personne intentionnellement; c\u2019est l\u2019intention coupable.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Si vous bousculez quelqu\u2019un accidentellement, il ne s\u2019agit pas de voies de fait, puisque vous n\u2019aviez pas d\u2019intention coupable quand vous avez touch\u00e9 cette personne.<\/p>\n<h3>Criminellement non responsable<\/h3>\n<p>Si vous <span class=\"glossary\" term=\"1180070\">plaidez coupable<\/span> ou \u00eates d\u00e9clar\u00e9 coupable au proc\u00e8s, et que vous aviez un probl\u00e8me de sant\u00e9 mentale quand vous avez commis votre crime, vous pourriez \u00eatre jug\u00e9 <strong>criminellement non responsable.<\/strong> Il faut pour cela que ces troubles mentaux vous aient rendu incapable de comprendre ce que vous faisiez et pourquoi c\u2019\u00e9tait mal.<\/p>\n<p>Vos troubles mentaux et leurs cons\u00e9quences doivent \u00eatre prouv\u00e9s selon la pr\u00e9pond\u00e9rance des probabilit\u00e9s. Si un juge vous d\u00e9clare criminellement non responsable, vous ne serez <strong>pas reconnu coupable<\/strong> du crime en question. Vous devrez toutefois compara\u00eetre devant la <a class=\"links-link ext new-link\" href=\"\/fr\/resource\/outil-trouvez-votre-acsm-locale\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Commission ontarienne d\u2019examen<\/a>, qui d\u00e9cidera des mesures \u00e0 prendre pour le traitement de vos troubles mentaux dans le cadre des <span class=\"glossary\" term=\"1179750\">peines<\/span> vous concernant.<\/p>\n<h3>Aide juridique<\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"\/fr\/questions\/criminal-law\/ou-puis-je-trouver-un-avocat-ou-un-parajuriste-pour-une-affaire-de-droit\/\">Consultez un avocat<\/a>\u00a0ou un avocat de service pour savoir si vous pourriez \u00eatre d\u00e9clar\u00e9 coupable. Votre avocat peut\u00a0:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>vous aider \u00e0 d\u00e9terminer si vous avez fait quelque chose d\u2019ill\u00e9gal et aviez une intention coupable;<\/li>\n<li>vous conseiller concernant le dossier de la poursuite contre vous, notamment la recevabilit\u00e9 des \u00e9l\u00e9ments de preuve de la Couronne;<\/li>\n<li>vous indiquer <a href=\"\/fr\/questions\/criminal-law\/a-quels-types-de-peines-puis-je-etre-condamne-dans-une-affaire-de-droit\/\">le type de peine<\/a>\u00a0que le tribunal peut vous imposer;<\/li>\n<li>vous dire pour combien de temps vous pourriez aller en prison.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<!-- AddThis Advanced Settings generic via filter on the_content --><!-- AddThis Share Buttons generic via filter on the_content -->","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"template":"","legal-topic":[42144,42578,42580],"class_list":["post-1171826","questions","type-questions","status-publish","hentry","legal-topic-criminal-law","legal-topic-guilty-pleas-and-sentencing","legal-topic-guilty-pleas-and-plea-bargains"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v23.9 (Yoast SEO v23.9) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Que veut dire \u00ab \u00eatre coupable d&#039;une infraction criminelle \u00bb? 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